2021年6月西南大学[0848]高级英语一大作业题目及答案

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西南大学培训与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷学期：2021年春季                                       
课程名称【编号】：高级英语一【0848】                      A卷
考试类别:大作业                                   满分：100分


Exercise 1                E-C Translation (1x30=30)
Choose any one of the following passages and then translate it into Chinese.
Passage 1 (From Unit 1)
Obviously no one can be a whiz at everything. In fact, success in one area often precludes success in another. Certain kinds of success can indeed be destructive. The danger of too early success is particularly acute whenever a child demonstrates special talent. I recall from my childhood a girl whose skill on ice skates marked her as “Olympic material”. While the rest of us were playing, bicycling, reading, making things and just loafing, this girl skated — every day after school and all weekend. Her picture often appeared in the papers, and the rest of us envied her glamorous life. Years later, however, she spoke bitterly of those early triumphs. “I never prepared myself for anything but the ice,” she said, “I peaked at 17 — and it’s been downhill ever since.”Passage 2 (From Unit 3)
If you look around you at the men and women whom you can call happy, you will see that they all have certain things in common. The most important of these things is an activity which at most times is enjoyable on its own account, and which, in addition, gradually builds up something that you are glad to see coming into existence. Women who take an instinctive pleasure in their children can get this kind of satisfaction out of bringing up a family. Artists and authors and men of science get happiness in this way if their own work seems good to them. But there are many humbler forms of the same kind of pleasure. Many men who spend their working life in the city devote their week-ends to voluntary and unremunerated toil in their gardens, and when the spring comes they experience all the joys of having created beauty.Passage 3 (From Unit 14)
True hibernation involves curious physical adaptations. Certain functions cease or nearly cease, e.g. eating, drinking and excretion. Warm-blooded animals become almost cold-blooded; body-temperature drops as low as 57 degrees F. Heart-beat, pulse-rate and respiration slow down. You can hardly tell whether a hibernating hedgehog is breathing; and its nose and paws feel as cold as ice. Yet when it wakes up in the spring it will raise its temperature rapidly to the normal. This involves a rise of 50 degrees or so, which must require some complicated juggling with the little beast’s metabolism; for if your own temperature rises only 3 degrees, you feel extremely ill and call a doctor.
Exercise 2                Skimming and Scanning (10x3=30)
In this part, you are required to go over the passage quickly.
For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A. B. C and D.
For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
1.        From the first paragraph we know that present-day universities have become_________.
        A. more and more research-oriented                        B. in-service training organizations
        C. more popularized than ever before                        D. a powerful force for global integration
2.        Over the past three decades, the enrollment of overseas students has increased__________.
        A. by 2.5 million?                                                        B. by 800,000
        C. at an annual rate of 3.9 percent                                D. at an annual rate of 8 percent
3.        In the United States, how many of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are         foreign-born?
        A. 10%                                B. 20%?                                C.30%                                D.38%
4.        How do Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates for global careers?
A. They organize a series of seminars on world economy.
B. They offer them various courses in international politics.
C. They arrange for them to participate in the Erasmus program.
D. They give them chances for international study or internship.
5.        An example illustrating the general trend of universities’ globalization is __________.
        A. Yale’s collaboration with Fudan University on genetic research
        B. Yale’s helping Chinese universities to launch research projects
        C. Yale’s students exchange program with European institutions
        D. Yale’s establishing branch campuses throughout the world
6.        What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?
        A. It houses many companies spun off from MIT and Harvard.
        B. It is known to be the birthplace of Microsoft Company.
        C. It was intentionally created by Stanford University.
        D. It is where the Internet infrastructure was built up.
7.        What is said about the U.S. federal funding for research?
        A. It has increased by 3 percent.                                B. It has been unsteady for years.
        C. It has been more than sufficient.                        D. It doubled between 1998 and 2003.
8.        The dramatic decline in the enrollment of foreign students in the U.S. after September 11 was caused by         __________.
9.        Many Americans fear that American competitiveness may be threatened by foreign students who will __________.
10.        The policy of welcoming foreign students can benefit the U.S. in that the very best of them will stay and         __________.Universities Branch Out
As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.
In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.
Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America’s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.
Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity-and providing the financial resources to make it possible.
Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai’s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in china, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.
As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.
For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politician recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.
American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. Universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.
Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation’s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and ― like immigrants throughout history-strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.Exercise 3                Writing (1x40=40)
Write a composition of about 200 words on any one of the following topics:
My Views on Friendship
A Good Beginning is Half Done
The Importance of Internet
You are to write in three paragraphs.
        In the first paragraph, state clearly what your view is.
        In the second paragraph, support your view with details.
        In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or suggestion.
        Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

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